Resource Key
LEVEL 1
brief, basic information laid out in an easy-to-read format. May use informal language. (Includes most news articles)
LEVEL 2
provides additional background information and further reading. Introduces some subject-specific language.
LEVEL 3
lengthy, detailed information. Frequently uses technical/subject-specific language. (Includes most analytical articles)
Key Terms
- Hydrogen Noun - a colorless, odorless, flammable gas that combines chemically with oxygen to form water: the lightest of the known elements. Symbol: H; atomic weight: 1.00797; atomic number: 1; density: 0.0899 g/l at 0°C and 760 mm pressure.
- Motor Vehicle noun - an automobile, truck, bus, or similar motor-driven conveyance.
- Fuel Noun - combustible matter used to maintain fire, as coal, wood, oil, or gas, in order to create heat or power. An energy source for engines, power plants, or reactors.
- Carbon Footprint Noun - the amount of carbon dioxide or other carbon compounds emitted into the atmosphere by the activities of an individual, company, country, etc.: the carbon footprint of an overseas flight; how to measure your carbon footprint.
- Green Adjective - environmentally sound or beneficial
- PetroleumNoun - an oily, thick, flammable, usually dark-colored liquid that is a form of bitumen or a mixture of various hydrocarbons, occurring naturally in various parts of the world and commonly obtained by drilling: used in a natural or refined state as fuel, or separated by distillation into gasoline, naphtha, benzene, kerosene, paraffin, etc
- CombustionNoun - Chemistry; rapid oxidation accompanied by heat and, usually, light. Chemical combination attended by production of heat and light. Slow oxidation not accompanied by high temperature and light.
Journals to use
- AENews. (2018). Hydrogen Fuel News. Retrieved 15th August 2018 from http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/headlines/hydrogen/This news site links to hydrogen articles across the internet and is updated with several new articles each day
- Fuel Cell Today. (2018). Retrieved 14th August 2018 fromFuelCellToday ceased its activities in January 2014 after thirteen years of reporting but it still contains historical information about fuel cells.
Linked Databases
- Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre Plus This link opens in a new windowThis resource provides the largest collection of full text from leading regional and international newspapers and periodicals, full-text reference books, tens of thousands of full-text biographies, and a collection of images containing more than one million photos, maps, and flags.
- Britannica Schools This link opens in a new windowBritannica School covers the core subject areas of English, Maths, Science and History. Interactive lessons, activities, games, stories, worksheets, manipulatives, study guides and research tools.
Australia cuts emmissions to net zero by 2050
- Australia to cut emissions to net zero by 2050Australia has its hopes pinned on technologies that don't yet exist to achieve the federal government's pledge to join the bulk of the developed word in pursuing net zero emissions by 2050.
QLD Hydrogen Fuel Breakthrough
- Hydrogen breakthrough in QLD car marketABC News Video and Article about two cars powered by hydrogen derived from ammonia that were tested in Brisbane August 2018 thanks to a Queensland breakthrough that CSIRO researchers say could turn Australia into a renewable energy superpower.
2017 Toyota Mirai Hydrogen Fuel Cell Car Test Review
Autobytel. (2016). 2017 Toyota Mirai Hydrogen Fuel Cell Car Test Drive Video Review. Retrieved 13th August 2018 fromhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSHxojRPmnM&feature=youtu.be
History of the Hydrogen Motor Vehicle
Half a century later in 1860, Frenchman Etienne Lenoir developed the 3-wheel Hippomobile. The Lenoir Hippomobile was propelled by a 1-cylinder, 2-stroke engine. The hydrogen was created for the car by electrolyzing water and the resulting gas was run through the horizontal engine.
The next hydrogen car invented was in 1933. Norway's Norsk Hydro power company converted a small truck. The truck carried an ammonia reformer that extracted hydrogen and then burned this in its internal combustion engine.
Leap forward to 1941 and World War II. Out of dire need Russia's Boris Shelishch converted 200 GAZ-AA trucks to run on hydrogen. Germany's Nazi army had surrounded Leningrad, Russia so Shelishch converted the trucks to run on hydrogen gas, which burned cleaner and ran longer than those which had run on gasoline.
Fast forward a bit to 1959 and Harry Karl Ihrig converted an Allis-Chalmers farm tractor to create the first fuel cell vehicle in history. The vehicle contained 1,008 tiny alkaline fuel cells and the tractor is now harbored in the Smithsonian Institute.
In 1966 it was a banner year for both hydrogen internal combustion engines and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Roger Billings converted a Model A Ford to run on hydrogen with its internal combustion engine. In addition, General Motors created the GM Electrovan fuel cell vehicle, which is considered by many to be the first FCV passenger automobile of record.
Since this time, both hydrogen internal combustion vehicles have been created along with hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. In more recent times, the industry has opted for FCV's since they can be up to 80-percent efficient (compared to 25-percent of a internal combustion engine), are quiet running, and there are zero emissions (the only byproduct is heat and steam).
First Hydrogen Car Invented. (n.d.) Retrieved 14th August 2018 http://www.automostory.com/first-hydrogen-car.htm