Resource Key
LEVEL 1
brief, basic information laid out in an easy-to-read format. May use informal language. (Includes most news articles)
LEVEL 2
provides additional background information and further reading. Introduces some subject-specific language.
LEVEL 3
lengthy, detailed information. Frequently uses technical/subject-specific language. (Includes most analytical articles)
Key Terms
- Apartheid (in the Republic of South Africa) a rigid former policy of segregating and economically and politically oppressing the nonwhite population.
- Boycott In 1959 a group of South African exiles and their British supporters appealed for an international boycott of South African products. The appeal was launched at a meeting on 26 June, South Africa Freedom Day, at which Julius Nyerere, later President of Tanzania, was the main speaker. The idea of a boycott came from South Africa, where the Congress movement was boycotting products made by companies that supported the apartheid government.
- Invictus Nelson Mandela (Morgan Freeman), in his first term as President of South African, initiates a unique venture to unite the Apartheid-torn land: enlist the national rugby team on a mission to win the 1995 Rugby World Cup.
- Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela was the first black president of South Africa, elected after time in prison for his anti-apartheid work. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.
Clint Eastwood Biography
Wikimedia Commons. (2018). Clint Eastwood at 2010 New York Film Festival.jpg. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Clint_Eastwood_at_2010_New_York_Film_Festival.jpg
- Biography. com. (2019). Clint Eastwood - Mini Biography. Retrieved from https://www.biography.com/video/clint-eastwood-mini-biography-36816819After serving in the military, Clint Eastwood went to Hollywood and soon landed a role on the TV western "Rawhide." He then starred as "the Man with No Name" in Sergio Leone's spaghetti western movies. In addition to acting, Eastwood has won the Academy Award for Best Director twice, for "Unforgiven" and "Million Dollar Baby."
South Africa
- South Africa. (2019). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from https://school-eb-com-au.db.plcscotch.wa.edu.au/levels/high/article/South-Africa/109715South Africa, the southernmost country on the African continent, renowned for its varied topography, great natural beauty, and cultural diversity, all of which have made the country a favoured destination for travelers since the legal ending of apartheid (Afrikaans: “apartness,” or racial separation) in 1994.
Introduction
Invictus opens with the release of Nelson Mandela (Morgan Freeman) from prison in 1990. After being held for nearly 26 years on Robben Island for planning acts of sabotage against the South African state, Mandela's release also marks what soon becomes the end of apartheid in South Africa. A new election is held, which Mandela handily wins. For his oath, he gives a speech pledging to unite the people of South Africa. The current divide has largely divided the Afrikaners (white South Africans that came from Europe during the 17th century) and the various black tribes, the largest of which include Zulu, Xhosa, and Bapedi. The effects of Mandela's victory give rise to jubilation for much of the black population of South Africa, while the white Afrikaners and Zulu begin to feel that they're losing the country. This is punctuated by a squadron of cars carrying Mandela down a road, poor black kids playing soccer on one side, white Afrikaners playing rugby on the other. The coach of the National team, the Springboks, tells his team to remember this day, as it marks 'the day the country went to the dogs'.
IMDB. (2019). Invictus. Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1057500/plotsummary#targetText=Synopsis,of%20apartheid%20in%20South%20Africa.
Invictus - The Movie
Eastwood, C. (Producer). Eastwood, C.( Director). (2009). Invictus. [Motion Picture]. USA: Warner Bros
Apartheid
Hip Hughes. (2016, August 22). Apartheid Explained: Global History Review. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WoURvGlF_qI&t=296s
- Apartheid. (2019). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from https://school-eb-com-au.db.plcscotch.wa.edu.au/levels/middle/article/apartheid/272908An Afrikaans word for “apartness,” apartheid is the name that South Africa’s white government applied to its policy of discrimination—racial, political, and economic—against the country’s nonwhite majority in the second half of the 20th century. From the 1960s the government often referred to apartheid as “separate development.”
- Pettigrew, T.F. (2019). Apartheid. In World Book Student. Retrieved from https://www.worldbookonline.com/student-new/#/article/home/ar025620was, from 1948 until 1991, the South African government's policy of rigid racial segregation. The word apartheid means separateness in Afrikaans, one of South Africa's official languages.
Nelson Mandela
Rosenberg, A. (Producer). Nelson Mandela. [Television Series]. Canada:Hitplay Productions.
- Nelson Mandela Foundation. (2019). Biography of Nelson Mandela. Retrieved from https://www.nelsonmandela.org/content/page/biographyRolihlahla Mandela was born into the Madiba clan in the village of Mvezo, in the Eastern Cape, on 18 July 1918. His mother was Nonqaphi Nosekeni and his father was Nkosi Mphakanyiswa Gadla Mandela, principal counsellor to the Acting King of the Thembu people, Jongintaba Dalindyebo.
- Nelson Mandela. (2019). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from https://school-eb-com-au.db.plcscotch.wa.edu.au/levels/high/article/Nelson-Mandela/50484Nelson Mandela, in full Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, byname Madiba, (born July 18, 1918, Mvezo, South Africa—died December 5, 2013, Johannesburg), black nationalist and the first black president of South Africa (1994–99).
Truth and Reconciliation.
- https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/truth-and-reconciliation-commission-trc-0The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was a court-like body assembled in South Africa after the end of Apartheid. Anybody who felt they had been a victim of violence could come forward and be heard at the TRC.
- Truth and Reconciliation Commission. (2019). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from https://school-eb-com-au.db.plcscotch.wa.edu.au/levels/middle/article/Truth-and-Reconciliation-Commission/610192The first democratically elected government of South Africa created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in 1995. Archbishop Desmond Tutu was appointed to lead the TRC.
South Africa Sport Boycott
- SAHO. (2019). International Boycott of Apartheid Sport by Mary Corrigall. Retrieved fromhttps://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/international-boycott-apartheid-sport-mary-corrigallThe system of white supremacy in South Africa is applied in the field of sport as much as in all other walks of life.