Motion and Energy
"Newton’s laws of motion, relations between the forces acting on a body and the motion of the body, first formulated by English physicist and mathematician Sir Isaac Newton." (Britannica, 2017).
Newton's Forces
- BBC Bitesize. (2016). What are forces? Retrieved from https://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zttfyrd/revision/1A force can be a push or a pull. For example, when you push open a door you have to apply a force to the door. You also have to apply a force to pull open a drawer.
- BBC Bitesize. (2017). Energy Transfer. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zhhcwmn/revision/2Different forms of energy can be transferred from one form to another. Energy transfer diagrams show each form of energy - whether it is stored or not - and the processes taking place as energy is transferred.
The energy transfer diagram below shows the useful energy transfer in a car engine. You can see that a car engine transfers chemical energy, which is stored in the fuel, into kinetic energy in the engine and wheels. - The Physics Classroom. (2017). Newton's first law. Retrieved from http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-1/Newton-s-First-LawAn object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
- The Physics Classroom. (2017). Newton's second law. Retrieved from http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-3/Newton-s-Second-LawNewton's second law of motion pertains to the behavior of objects for which all existing forces are not balanced. The second law states that the acceleration of an object is dependent upon two variables - the net force acting upon the object and the mass of the object.
- The Physics Classroom. (2017). Newton's third law. Retrieved from http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-4/Newton-s-Third-LawA force is a push or a pull that acts upon an object as a result of its interaction with another object. Forces result from interactions!
Newton's First Law and Car Safety
- The Physics Classroom. (2017). The car and the wall. Retrieved from http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/newtlaws/cci.cfmAccording to Newton's first law, an object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. It is the natural tendency of objects to keep on doing what they're doing. All objects resist changes in their state of motion. In the absence of an unbalanced force, an object in motion will maintain its state of motion. This is often called the law of inertia.
- NRMA. (2017). The physics of staying safe on the road. Retrieved from https://www.mynrma.com.au/-/media/documents/motoring-education/study-guides/nrma-the-road-safety-total-learning-resource-years-9-10.pdf?la=enNewton’s Three Laws of Motion in Physics can tell you how long it takes for a car to stop once you hit the brake, why you might lose control rounding a curve and why some car collisions result in more damage than others.
Newton's Law and Wind Generation
- Duff, R. (2017). Science of Wind Generation. Retrieved from https://renewableteacher.wordpress.com/the-science-behind-wind-generation/NEWTON’S FIRST LAW & ROTATIONAL INERTIA
Theory- Mass in motion tend to stay in motion. Mass at rest tends to stay at rest. If an object is moving at constant velocity or is stationary, then the net forces (or torques) acting on it must be equal to zero (balanced). The blades have rotational inertia proportional to their mass and how the mass is distributed radially from the hub axis.
Newton's Third Law - Aerodynamics
- NASA. (2017). Aerodynamics. Retrieved from https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-aerodynamics-k4.htmlAerodynamics is the way air moves around things. The rules of aerodynamics explain how an airplane is able to fly. Anything that moves through air reacts to aerodynamics. A rocket blasting off the launch pad and a kite in the sky react to aerodynamics. Aerodynamics even acts on cars, since air flows around cars.
- NASA. (2017). Aerodynamics. Retrieved from https://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/presar.htmlWhen two solid objects interact in a mechanical process, forces are transmitted, or applied, at the point of contact. But when a solid object interacts with a fluid, things are more difficult to describe because the fluid can change its shape.
Newton's Law and Hydro Generation
- Duff, R. (2017). Science of Hydro Generation. Retrieved from https://renewableteacher.wordpress.com/the-science-behind-wind-generation/NEWTON’S FIRST LAW & “WATER HAMMER”
Theory- Mass in motion tend to stay in motion. Mass at rest tends to stay at rest. Inertia. Forces acting on the object are balanced (in equilibrium).
Newton's Law and Photo Voltaics
- Duff, R. (2017). Science of Photo Volatics. Retrieved from https://renewableteacher.wordpress.com/the-science-of-renewable-energy/Theory- For a photon to be absorbed by a solar cell it must have enough energy to cause an outer shell electron to jump into the conduction band. The energy of the photon is given by its frequency times Planck’s constant. The energy gap that exists between the valence band and the conduction band in non-metals is called the band gap and is usually measured in electron-volts (eV). The energy of the photon must be greater than the energy of the band gap to eject a photoelectron.
Brian Cox on Australia's Energy
- Emma, R. 2017, November 4). TV scientist offers out-there solution to Australia’s energy crisis. Retrieved from http://www.news.com.au/technology/science/tv-scientist-offers-outthere-solution-to-australias-energy-crisis/news-story/bfcd87aacbdde85e336e6943The popular British astrophysicist, now touring Down Under, says cutting back on our energy use by turning off lights and air conditioning is not the answer. And neither is commissioning extra power plants.
Instead, he says we should move the production of energy away from Earth and into outer space, and our planet should become purely residential.
Arrester Beds
- ABC News. (2014). 'Last resort' arrester bed could help prevent out-of-control truck crashes in Adelaide. Retrieved from http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-08-23/arrester-bed-could-help-prevent-crashes-south-eastern-freeway/5691900A third arrester bed at the start of the South Eastern Freeway in Adelaide could prevent out-of-control trucks from creating havoc on the notorious stretch of road, according to South Australia's peak road transport body.