
Mining in Western Australia has positive and negative effects:
cultural, political and economical, and environmental.
Wainwright, R. W(2021, November 9). Australian corporations’ treatment of Indigenous customers to be investigated by inquiry. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/nov/09/australian-corporations-treatment-of-indigenous-customers-to-be-investigated-by-inquiry
More than half of Australia’s critical minerals mines lie on Indigenous land: Mongabay
Australia’s critical mineral policies must consider the rights and interests of First Nations peoples throughout a project’s life cycle... In a new study, researchers found that 57.8% of critical mineral projects in Australia lie within formally recognised Indigenous lands, or 79.2% if land subject to claims of native title that haven’t yet been determined are included.
Burton, J., Kemp, D., Barnes, R., & Parmenter, J. (2024). Mapping critical minerals projects and their intersection with Indigenous peoples’ land rights in Australia. Energy Research & Social Science, 113, 103556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103556
The Yindjibarndi Ngurra Aboriginal Corporation filed the landmark case against Western Australia’s state government.

Al Jazeera. (2025, February 19). Aboriginal group seeks $1.1bn in damages over Australia mining project. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/19/aboriginal-group-seeks-1-1bn-in-damages-over-australia-mining-project
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Burton, M., & Barrett, J. (2020, July 9). Mining Australia’s sacred sites. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/graphics/AUSTRALIA-MINING/INDIGENOUS/oakpearaepr/
Guardian Australia. (2025, July 7). Rare earths: how these critical minerals impact Australian industry and global politics. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQ68tdsDSdg
OzGeology. (2025, September 8). Inside the World’s Richest Rare Earth Mine in Australia. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3Z_k2jfnfo
ABC News In-depth. (2025, September 16). Can Australia break China’s “chokehold” on rare earths? | 7.30. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StGBslFpX90
NRF invests $50 million in WA to ramp-up lithium mining and refining | Ministers for the Department of Industry, Science and Resources. (2025, August 7). Ministers for the Department of Industry, Science and Resources. https://www.minister.industry.gov.au/ministers/timayres/media-releases/nrf-invests-50-million-wa-ramp-lithium-mining-and-refining
ABC News Australia. (2024). Indigenous elders call for urgent rehabilitation of toxic former mine | ABC News. www.youtube.com. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJfJhA5EleA
ABC News (Australia). (2022, August 11). Policy “backflip” over toxic mines sparks environmental concerns | ABC News. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_No3nImqqI