Kant - Moral Obligation and duty
CrashCourse. (2016, November 14).Kant & categorical imperatives: crash course philosophy #35 [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8bIys6JoEDw
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Johnson, R. & Cureton, A. (2016, July 7). Kant’s moral philosophy. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-moral/Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) argued that the supreme principle of morality is a standard of rationality that he dubbed the “Categorical Imperative” (CI). Kant characterized the CI as an objective, rationally necessary and unconditional principle that we must always follow despite any natural desires or inclinations we may have to the contrary.
Rawls - Theory of Justice and Veil of Ignorance
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Wenar, L. (2017, January 9). John Rawls. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rawls/#JusFaiJusWitLibSocJustice as fairness is Rawls's theory of justice for a liberal society. As a member of the family of liberal political conceptions of justice it provides a framework for the legitimate use of political power. Yet legitimacy is only the minimal standard of moral acceptability; a political order can be legitimate without being just. Justice sets the maximal standard: the arrangement of social institutions that is morally best.
J Bentham - Utilitarianism
CrashCourse. (2016, November 21).Utilitarianism: crash course philosophy #36 [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-a739VjqdSI
Sadler, G. (2013, September 29). Jeremy Bentham on Utilitarianism as a moral theory - philosophy core concepts [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thuAEeJCcck
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Sweet, W. (n.d.). Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832). Internet Encyclopaedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from https://www.iep.utm.edu/bentham/#H4As Elie Halévy (1904) notes, there are three principal characteristics of which constitute the basis of Bentham's moral and political philosophy: (i) the greatest happiness principle, (ii) universal egoism and (iii) the artificial identification of one's interests with those of others. Though these characteristics are present throughout his work, they are particularly evident in the Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, where Bentham is concerned with articulating rational principles that would provide a basis and guide for legal, social and moral reform.
Thomas Hobbs
CrashCourse. (2016, November 28).Contractarianism: crash course philosophy #37 [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Co6pNvd9mc
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Devita, F. (2012). Hobbes’ concept of felicity. Retrieved from https://frankdevita.wordpress.com/2012/08/06/hobbes-concept-of-felicity/Instead of theorizing that life is aimed at any final good, Thomas Hobbes claims that we aim at felicity, which he defines as “continual success in obtaining those things which a man from time to time desireth, that is to say, continual prospering” (Ch6, p597).
Buber
Dodson, E. (2014, March 8). Buber in ten minutes [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=16Cr82mLhkw
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Ossewaarde‐Lowtoo, R. (2017), The Humanization of Economic Life: The Legacy of Martin Buber. Cross Currents, 67: 439-457. doi:10.1111/cros.12255Every true deed is a loving deed. All true deeds arise from contact with a beloved thing and flow into the universe. Any true deed brings, out of lived unity, unity into the world. Unity is not a property of the world but its task. To form unity out of the world is our never‐ending work.