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Introduction
This test page offers fun and informal ways to test your knowledge on communication.
Key Terms
- Bernstein Basil Bernstein, a British sociologist in the 1960s introduced the terms elaborated and restricted code referring to two varieties (or codes) of language use, seen as part of a general theory of the nature of social systems and social rules.
- Bruner Jerome Bruner is an American psychologist and educator whose work on perception, learning, memory, and other aspects of cognition in young children has, along with the related work of Jean Piaget, influenced the American educational system.
- characteristics of the audience - content and presentation style should change depending on the audience, must take into account - age, relationship, personality, level of education, culture.
- Chomsky Noam Chomsky is an American linguist who contributed greatly to Cognitive psychology through language research. Chomsky challenged the Behaviorist view that language, like any other behavior, was learned through exposure to language in the environment. Chomsky theorized that all humans share an innate capability for language unlike any other species of animal and that our capacity for language was the same no matter what culture or environment we are exposed to.
- communication conveys a message from one person to another
- communication styles examines cultural and social aspects of language, can depend on culture, gender and socioeconomic background
- elaborated code Bernstein defined the elaborated code - used in relatively formal, educated situations, permitting people to be reasonably creative in their expression and to use a range of linguistic alternatives.
- etiquette noun - conventional requirements as to social behavior; proprieties of conduct as established in any class or community or for any occasion.
- forms of address Robinson's 2nd Social Skill. - while more common for Australians to use first names, it is still recommended that if unsure about status to use formal address - sir, madame, mr - french use 'tu' informal and 'vous' formal when asking someone something
- Language Acquisition Device (LAD) The Language Acquisition Device (LAD) is the innate biological ability of humans to acquire and develop language. The LAD was developed by linguist Noam Chomsky who contributed to the field of cognitive psychology through his language research.
- Language Acquisition Support System (LASS) Bruner’s LASS, or Language Acquisition Support System, is a term coined in response to Chomsky’s LAD, or Language Acquisition Device. The LASS refers to the importance of a child’s social support network, which works in conjunction with innate mechanisms to encourage or suppress language development. Every child has one, and particularly during the years of the language explosion (roughly ages 2 to 5), differences in the LASS significantly explain differences in language acquisition, according to Bruner’s model.
- nature of communication - understand information and respond favourably, more likely to be persuaded - people have better comprehension for printed information - keep it simple, can evolve emotion
- persuasive communication trying to change the beliefs, feelings and behaviours of others
- politeness - a way of making sure we display good manners and respect towards others through recognising status, we ensure neither party is embarrassed
- rapport talk For most women, the language of conversation is primarily a language of rapport: a way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships.
- report talk For most men, talk is primarily a means to preserve independence and negotiate and maintain status in a hierarchical social order.
- restricted code Bernstein defined the restricted code - used in relatively informal situations, stressing the speaker's membership of a group, relying on context for its meaningfulness, and lacking stylistic range.
- scaffolding Scaffolding is a theory developed by Bruner in which teachers demonstrate the process of problem solving for their students and explain the steps as they go along. After a few initial explanations the instructor will then remove themselves from the students and only offer help when needed.
- shaking hands Robinson's 1st Social Skill - greeting or leaving social gesture - it communicates a form of friendship and mutual respect, goodwill or trust - tend to be a more formal setting - muslim women can not shake hands
- source of the message - accept advice from those with expertise. e.g. high profile workers - this is considered more trustworthy
- Tannen Deborah Tannen is University Professor and Professor of Linguistics at Georgetown University and author of 'You Just Don't Understand: Women and Men in Conversation' the book that brought gender differences in communication style to the forefront of public awareness.
Earn a Certificate
Test yourself on communication concepts and receive a certificate of your results on completion of the test.
Flashcards
Scatter Game
Study Tips from Mrs Fugill and Mr Allen
- Get to class on time and pay attention
- Take GOOD notes and keep them well organised
- Ask questions and listen when others ask questions
- Write and Review your notes after class
- Get a study group together
- Have a calendar that notes all assessment dates
- Give homework and study adequate time
- Ask for more questions on a topic if you still feel a bit shaky at the end of the exercise.
- If you get stuck, make sure you email the teacher your homework problems. Give it a good go though.
- Develop strategies for moving forward when you get stuck
- Use the feedback provided to you by your teacher.