Electrolysis
TWIG. (n.d.). Electrolysis [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www-twig-world-com.db.plcscotch.wa.edu.au/film/electrolysis-1463/
NB: Video requires Google Chrome or Safari to view.
Extraction and Uses of Metals
ChemistryKlipz. (2013, April 18). Extraction and uses of metals [Video File].
Electrolysis
DeWitt, T. (2015, August 6). Electrolysis [Video File].
Separating Metals
- BBC Bitesize. (2014). Iron and aluminium. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zfsk7ty/revision
The method used to extract metals depends on the reactivity of the metal. Metals are used for a variety of purposes. An alloy is a mixture of a metal and another element. - Clark, J. (2005). The extraction of metals - an introduction. Retrieved from http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/extraction/introduction.html
This page looks at the various factors which influence the choice of method for extracting metals from their ores, including reduction by carbon, reduction by a reactive metal (like sodium or magnesium), and by electrolysis.
Details for the extraction of aluminium, copper, iron and titanium are given in separate pages in this section. - Separation and purification. (2016). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from http://school.eb.com.au.db.plcscotch.wa.edu.au/levels/high/article/110404
Separation and purification, in chemistry, separation of a substance into its components and the removal of impurities. There are a large number of important applications in fields such as medicine and manufacturing.
Electroplating
DeWitt, T. (2015, July 28). Electroplating [Video File].
Electroplating Sites
- Woodford, C. (2016). Electroplating. Retrieved from http://www.explainthatstuff.com/electroplating.htmlThere's no such thing as alchemy—magically changing common chemical elements into rare and valuable ones—but electroplating is possibly the next best thing. The idea is to use electricity to coat a relatively mundane metal, such as copper, with a thin layer of another, more precious metal, such as gold or silver. Electroplating has lots of other uses, besides making cheap metals look expensive. We can use it to make things rust-resistant, for example, to produce a variety of useful alloys like brass and bronze, and even to make plastic look like metal. How does this amazing process work? Let's take a closer look!
- Abouteducation.com. Electroplating. Retrieved from http://chemistry.about.com/od/electrochemistry/a/electroplating.htmElectroplating is the application of electrolytic cells in which a thin layer of metal is deposited onto an electrically conductive surface. Here's a closer look at what electrochemistry is, how it works, and what metals and anodes are used.
Metals
Approximately three-quarters of all known chemical elements are metals. The most abundant varieties in the Earth’s crust are aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. The vast majority of metals are found in ores (mineral-bearing substances), but a few such as copper, gold, platinum, and silver frequently occur in the free state because they do not readily react with other elements. (Britannica, 2016)
Metal Industries
- CSIRO. (2015, December 15). High peformance metals. Retrieved fromhttps://www.csiro.au/en/Research/MF/Areas/Metals/Lab22?ref=/CSIRO/Website/Research/Mining-manufacturing/High-performance-metals/Lab22CSIRO is providing Australian companies with access to metal additive manufacturing (3D printing) technologies that promise high efficiency and productivity gains for a competitive advantage.
- Geoscience Australia. (2015). Iron fact sheet. Retrieved from http://www.australianminesatlas.gov.au/education/fact_sheets/iron.htmlAlthough iron ore resources occur in all the Australian States and Territories, almost 90% of identified resources (totalling 54 billion tonnes) occur in Western Australia, including almost 80% in the Hamersley Province, one of the world's major iron ore provinces.
There are three major Pilbara iron ore producers: BHP Billiton Ltd (BHP), Rio Tinto Ltd (Rio) and Fortescue Metals Group Ltd (FMG).
The Alumina Refining Process
- The International Alumina Industry. (2016). Refining Process. Retrieved from http://bauxite.world-aluminium.org/refining/process.htmlThe Bayer Process was invented and patented in 1887 by Austrian scientist Karl Josef Bayer. Two to three tonnes of bauxite are required to produce one tonne of alumina. 90% of the global alumina supply of around 90 million tonnes is used in aluminium production. Alumina refineries tend to be located close to bauxite mines and/or ports for efficient transport of raw materials and of the final product.
Metals
- ChemistryExplained. (2016). Aluminum. Retrieved from http://www.chemistryexplained.com/elements/A-C/Aluminum.htmlAluminum is found in Row 2, Group 13 of the periodic table. The periodic table is a chart that shows how the chemical elements are related to each other. Elements in the same column usually have similar chemical properties. The first element in this group is boron. However, boron is very different from all other members of the family. Therefore, group 13 is known as the aluminum family.
- Chemistry Explained. (2016). Chromium. Retrieved from http://www.chemistryexplained.com/elements/A-C/Chromium.html#ixzz4S1rsnobPChromium is found in the center of the periodic table, a chart that shows how chemical elements are related to each other. Elements in Groups 3 through 12 are known as the transition metals. These elements all have similar physical and chemical properties. They have a bright, shiny surface and high melting points.
- Chemistry Explained. (2016). Iron. Retrieved from http://www.chemistryexplained.com/elements/C-K/Iron.htmlIron is a transition metal. The transition metals are the elements that make up Groups 3 through 12 in the periodic table. The periodic table is a chart that shows how elements are related to one another. The transition metals are typical metals in that they tend to be bright, shiny, silvery solids. They all tend to conduct heat and electricity well. And they usually have high melting points.
- Chemistry Explained. (2016). Steel. Retrieved from http://www.chemistryexplained.com/St-Te/Steel.html#ixzz4S1sOL84WSteel is an alloy of iron with about 1 percent carbon. It may also contain other elements, such as manganese. Whereas pure iron is a relatively soft metal that rusts easily, steel can be hard, tough, and corrosion-resistant. Used to make almost everything from skyscraper girders, automobiles, and appliances to thumb tacks and paper clips, steel is one of the world's most vital materials. Among all the metals, iron is second only to aluminum in natural abundance, making up 4.7 percent of the earth's crust, and occurring mainly as its various oxides. The main product made from iron is steel, the least expensive and most widely used of all metals.
- Chemistry Explained. (2016). Titanium. Retrieved from http://www.chemistryexplained.com/elements/T-Z/Titanium.htmlTitanium is found in the middle of the periodic table. The periodic table is a chart that shows how chemical elements are related to one another. Titanium is a transition metal and is part of Group 4 (IVB).
Mobile Phones
- Brunning, A. (2014, February 19). Elements of a smartphone. Retrieved from http://www.compoundchem.com/2014/02/19/the-chemical-elements-of-a-smartphone/This site outlines the chemical elements involved in the manufacture of a smartphone.
Metallic Bonding
Anderson, P. (2013, August 21). 021 Metallic Bonding [Video File]. Bozeman Science